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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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93
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jan_mar
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03229936.000
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1994-02-27
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<text>
<title>
(Mar. 22, 1993) Not-So-Stupid Pet Tricks
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Mar. 22, 1993 Can Animals Think
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
COVER STORY, Page 60
Not-So-Stupid Pet Tricks
</hdr>
<body>
<p> I once knew a golden retriever named Newton who had a
perverse sense of humor. Whenever I tossed out a Frisbee for him
to chase, he'd take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose
track of it. Trotting back and forth only a yard or two from the
toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the trees. He
seemed genuinely baffled. Finally, I'd give up and head into the
field to help him out. But no sooner would I get within 10 ft. of
him than he would invariably dash straight over to the Frisbee,
grab it and start running like mad, looking over his shoulder
with what looked suspiciously like a grin.
</p>
<p> Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is
eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short
notice, TIME staffers came up with 25 anecdotes about what each
is convinced is the smartest pet in the world. Among them: the
cat who closes the door behind him when he goes into the
bathroom; the cat who uses a toilet instead of a litter box--and flushes it afterward; the dog who goes wild when he sees his
owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because jeans
mean it is time to play; and the cat who used to wait patiently
at the bus stop every day for a little girl, then walk her the
six blocks home. And so on.
</p>
<p> These behaviors are certainly clever, but what do they
mean? Was Newton really devious? Can a cat really crave privacy
on the potty? In short, do household pets really have a mental
and emotional life? Their owners think so, but until recently,
animal-behavior experts would have gone ballistic on hearing
such a question. The worst sin in their moral vocabulary was
anthropomorphism, projecting human traits onto animals. A dog or
a cat might behave as if it were angry, lonely, sad, happy or
confused, but that was only in the eye of the beholder. What was
going on, they insisted, was that the dog or cat had been
conditioned, through a perhaps inadvertent series of
punishments and rewards, to behave a certain way. The behavior
was a mechanical result of the training.
</p>
<p> But that has become a minority viewpoint. Explains Alan
Beck, an animal ecologist at Purdue: "There are undoubtedly
still scientists out there who question the intelligence of dogs
and cats because they don't have the hard data. They feel it's
unscientific to acknowledge phenomena we can't prove." But the
majority of Beck's colleagues, he says, now accept the notion
that animals have, for lack of a better phrase, an emotional and
intellectual life. "I am absolutely convinced, for example, that
my dog feels guilty when he defecates on the rug," says Beck.
"A blind observer could see it. He behaves the same way I would
have if my mother had caught me doing it. If it looks the same
as human behavior in the same situation and is being used to
solve the same problem, why shouldn't you be able to use words
we use for human emotions to describe it?"
</p>
<p> Ethologist Marc Bekoff of the University of Colorado
agrees: "I have no doubt that my dog Jethro experiences beliefs
about the outcome of his actions, expectations about the future.
He has goals. If he tries to solicit play and I don't play with
him, he is surprised--and he looks it. It's just wrong to say
dogs don't have thoughts and beliefs about their world just
because these might be different from our beliefs."
</p>
<p> None of this comes as a surprise to Warren Eckstein, an
animal behaviorist and radio broadcaster who produces the animal
segments on television's Live with Regis & Kathie Lee. "Years
ago," he says, "I wrote an article on the effects of divorce on
pets. People said I was crazy. Now it's actively under
research." Eckstein even attacks the conventional wisdom that
dogs are gregarious and cats are aloof. "It all depends on how
you treat them. Raise a kitten the way you would a puppy, and
it will grow up to act like a dog." (Scientists like Bekoff
insist that the behavioral differences are in fact innate and
that they are relics of the animals' past: wolves, the ancestors
of dogs, are pack animals, while most feral cats are solitary.)
</p>
<p> The bottom line: anthropomorphism has been proclaimed O.K.
Your cat may well be grinning at you. Your dog may really be in
a depression. And pets may be smarter than some of us think.
After all, it took no time at all for Newton to train me to
chase him through a farmer's field, trying desperately to
retrieve a Frisbee.
</p>
<p> By Michael D. Lemonick
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>